Hadrosaurus, the First Identified Duck-Billed Dinosaur

Like many fossil discoveries from the 1800s, Hadrosaurus is simultaneously a very important and a very obscure dinosaur. It was the first near-complete dinosaur fossil  ever to be discovered in North America (in 1858, in Haddonfield, New Jersey, of all places), and in 1868, the Hadrosaurus at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences was the first dinosaur skeleton ever to be displayed to the general public. Hadrosaurus has also given its name to an extremely populous family of herbivores—the hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs. Celebrating this history, New Jersey named Hadrosaurus its official state dinosaur in 1991, and the sturdy lizard is frequently invoked in attempts to pump up the Garden States paleontology pride. What  Was Hadrosaurus Really Like? This was a robustly built dinosaur, measuring about 30 feet from head to tail and weighing anywhere from three to four tons, and it probably spent most of its time crouched on all fours, chomping on the low-lying vegetation of its late Cretaceous habitat in North America. Like other duck-billed dinosaurs, Hadrosaurus would have been capable of rearing up on its two hind legs and running away when startled by hungry tyrannosaurs, which must have been a stressful experience for any smaller dinosaurs lurking nearby!  This dinosaur almost certainly lived in small herds, females laying 15 to 20 large eggs at a time in circular patterns, and the adults may even have engaged in a minimal level of parental care.  (However, bear in mind that the bill of Hadrosaurus and other dinosaurs like it wasnt really flat and yellow, like that of a duck, but it did have a vague resemblance.) Still, as far as duck-billed dinosaurs in general are concerned, Hadrosaurus itself occupies the far fringes of paleontology. To date, no one has discovered this dinosaurs skull; the original  fossil, named by the famous American paleontologist Joseph Leidy, consists of four limbs, a pelvis, bits of the jaw, and over two dozen vertebrae. For this reason, recreations of Hadrosaurus are based on the skulls of similar genera of duck-billed dinosaurs, such as Gryposaurus. To date, Hadrosaurus appears to be the only member of its genus (the sole named species is H. foulkii), leading some paleontologists to speculate that this hadrosaur may really be a species (or specimen) of another genus of duck-billed dinosaur.   Given all this uncertainty, it has proven rather difficult to assign Hadrosaurus to its proper place on the hadrosaur family tree. This dinosaur was once honored with its own sub-family, the Hadrosaurinae, to which better-known (and more highly ornamented) duck-billed dinosaurs like Lambeosaurus were once assigned. Today, though, Hadrosaurus occupies a single, lonely branch on evolutionary diagrams, one step removed from such familiar genera as Maiasaura, Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, and today not many paleontologists reference this dinosaur in their publications. Name: Hadrosaurus (Greek for sturdy lizard); pronounced HAY-dro-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (80-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 3-4 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; broad, flat beak; occasional bipedal posture

Gender And Social Construction Of Gender - 1230 Words

‘Gender’ is a category used by all human beings to describe the state of being either male or female. Gender is often described as socially constructed which implies that it is something individuals may not be aware of. Through the social construction of a concept, meanings are created. These meanings and understandings are developed in coordination with other individuals rather than within individuals themselves. Because all societies are different, the social construction and therefore definitions of gender are not fixed and hence vary. Gender is very much a lived experience and relates to the ideas we develop to make sense of men and women in relation to each other, as they change and develop. It is also argued that gender is politically deployed. Gender as a term itself is bound up with power relations. It influences every aspect of personal lives and is also integrated within institutions, which themselves can be gendered. Gender as a concept was previously uncontes ted, seen as unproblematic and was self-evident. Second Wave Feminism was the impetus for the questioning of patriarchal assumptions of dominant social theory, bringing gender relationships to the fore. Biologists and social scientists have started to study the categories of ‘male’ and ‘female’ more closely because they have found that not everyone fits neatly into one or the other, as previously assumed (Fausto-Sterling 1985). Gender is now well established within universities and throughout disciplinaryShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender : The Social Construction Of Gender1962 Words   |  8 Pages1. The Social Construction of gender according to Women, Images and Realities textbook (pg.10) is the socially constructed behaviors and characteristics that are associated with each sex. W.I.R. also explains the significant difference between sex and gender as the distinction that enables us to see that the expectations for women and men in our culture are neith er immutable nor universal. Before you can begin to conceptualize that the dissimilarities between gender and sex you must comprehend theRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1220 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 3 In the reading â€Å"The social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber she describes how gender is socially constructed. Sex is the biological difference while gender is the social and cultural meanings attached to femininity and masculinity (lecture). From the time that a child is born the doctor assigns it a gender, girl or boy, depending on its genitalia. In the reading â€Å"Naming All the Parts† it focused on how when doctors view genitalia to decide the gender they say there is a penis orRead MoreSocial Construction of Gender1183 Words   |  5 Pagesexactly is â€Å"Gender† and what a â€Å"Social Construct† means. GENDER In a layman’s language, Gender is simply the distinction between male and female. However, if we look deeper in well, we will notice the gender construction starts with the association of sex category at the time of birth. Sex is the biological distinction between a man and a woman and gender is based on sex. A sex category becomes a gender status through naming, dress and the use of other gender marksRead MoreGender Is A Social Construction?849 Words   |  4 Pages First, what is gender? What does it mean to say that gender is a social construction? Gender refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male. (Macionis 2015:308) The society in which we live produces our views of what women and men are and what they are supposed to be. However, many people say that gender is â€Å"socially constructed†. Basically meaning it is constructed by society. For many decades, it has been what gender should representRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender978 Words   |  4 PagesSociologist Peter Berger wrote in his â€Å"Invitation to Sociology† book that â€Å"social reality has layers of meaning, and the discovery of each new layer changes the perception of the whole.† (Berger 1963). Berger, as a sociologist responsible for helping create the social constructionism theory, is not just extending an inv itation to sociology. He is already explaining how the world can be viewed by people who already are actively participating in society. This consciousness allows the layer of how peopleRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesownership of their bodies. The first article is â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber. In this essay she states that sex and gender is constructed through the society in which we live and that, â€Å"Gender is so pervasive that in our society we assume it is bred into our genes† (Lorber, 64). Lorber’s article takes the standpoint that physical gender expression is such an important topic to individuals because when the conventions of gender are shifted, â€Å"we feel socially dislocated† (65). AnRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender832 Words   |  4 PagesSex, as we have learned, refers to the physical and anatomical differences between males and females. These differences are biological and unambiguous. Gender on the other hand, refers to the aspects that influence each sex and make them distinct from a social standpoint, and each of us does gender constantly. The social construction of gender has caused controversy throughout the years, and has ultimate ly conceived one of the most contended topics in our society of late: feminism. Feminism refersRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1000 Words   |  4 Pagesas the definition of gender and gender norms. Judith Lorber wrote an essay called, The Social Construction of Gender. The essay was included in the textbook, Women s Lives. A textbook written by Gwyn Kirk and Margo Okinawa Rey. â€Å"Women’s Lives† is a Feminist focused compilation of essays. As well as, cultural analysis of women globally. Lorber is one of many authors who wrote essays regarding gender for â€Å"Women’s Lives. Lorber argues gender constantly changes due to social interaction. A societyRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Gender Roles903 Words   |  4 Pages While observing interactions between people of both different and the same genders in the park at Orange Circle, it becomes evident how the social construction of gender and standard gender roles may or may not follow archetypal manner and can be applied differently depending on the individuals. Some of the observations recorded during this period have provided evidence that gender roles and gender stereotypes may be followed or applied in an archetypal way. However, what is most interesting isRead MoreGender Is A Social Construction1213 Words   |  5 PagesS One cannot talk about social interactions in society without talking about gender. Gender is part of According to Macionis (2015), gender is â€Å"the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male†. Most societies only view gender as being either male or female. An individual must portray their gender correctly in order to be normal in society. Meaning a woman must act feminine and a man must act masculine. However, what happens when an individual chooses

Short Story Chapter 1 - 1085 Words

The pillow seemed to sink a little, and Johnny died. I looked towards Dally, his face turned ten times younger, his face, his hard, mean, face had tears rolling down it. â€Å"...Johnny†¦Ã¢â‚¬  his voice whispered faintly, but Johnny said nothing. He could not. Dally had a pained expression that only someone who knew him could recognize, his hands were in fists. â€Å"We’re leaving,† Dally demanded, â€Å"Wait† the nurse said jogging towards us, â€Å"Johnny wanted you to have this.† she handed me Gone With the Wind. I took it in my hands unwillingly. It would always be a reminder to me of what happened in that week, running away, saving the children from the fire, going to the hospital, Johnny dying. A tear rolled down my face, but I held it in because greasers†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You alright?† Darry asked but there was no response, Dally just kept staring off into the distance. After about nine minutes of just sitting up on the couch, Dally spoke â€Å"Where’s Johnny?† â€Å"Don’t you remember?† Two-Bit asked, sounding concerned. Two-Bit was concerned, playful, joking Two-Bit. But Dally didn’t take this into consideration, he asked again, â€Å"where’s Johnny?† â€Å"He...he died Dally† Steve answered. I couldnt take much more of this without sobbing, so I went to my room, lay down on my bed, and cried, I cried because Johnny and my parents are dead, I cried because Dally was in denial, I just cried. Once I finally calmed down there was no more talking coming from the living room. I peeked my head out the door, Steve and Darry had gone to work, Soda stayed behind to watch over Dally, who was asleep on the couch again. Two-Bit probably went to get a coke. Soda spotted me, â€Å"Hey, come here† so I walked towards him and sat in a chair across from his. â€Å"I know it’s hard but we’ll get through it,† he said trying to be reassuring. â€Å"Soda, what’s wrong with Dally?† I said brushing away his comment. â€Å"He’s sad, that’s all† I looked down to my feet not knowing where to take this conversation. â€Å"You should do your homework before Darry gets home.† â€Å"Fine† I said unwillingly, and once again went to my room. I started on my math to get it over with, but my mind couldn’t focus and I started thinking about how life would be without Johnny, and maybe Dally. TheShow MoreRelatedShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 1971 Words   |  4 PagesIse said nothing though she did raise an eyebrow. Naoko coughed nervously and continued, â€Å"It’s just an idea but I’d like to at least try it out to see if it’ll even work and since you’re said to be really god with kidÃ…  I thought you could help me.† Ise’s face still looked unamused though when she spoke there was a hint of interest in her voice, â€Å"How did you come up with that idea?† The teen shrugged, â€Å"I read about a weapon Quincies have used called Seele Schneider. It’s like a sword but made ofRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 11430 Words   |  6 Pagesher eyes, which were unable to see his in the darkness, then he checked to see Torins hand placed against her small waist more in reassurance than in having to hold her close to the wall. Once they reached the top landing, Duncan pulled the short braided rope attached to an old bronze ships bell. The clang rang off the stone walls which echoed loud enough to surly raise the dead at the very least to alert the household as was the intent. Duncan stepped back to let the door swing outward, whichRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12137 Words   |  9 Pagesbrothers got in and went back to the motel. â€Å"Fay gets the bed,† Sam was about to protest when Dean quickly shut him up. â€Å"She stabbed a ghost in the eye twice, killed him, made friends with a ghost, and saved both our asses,† Fay just grabbed her black shorts and tank then walked into the bathroom. Stripping down, she turned on the hot water, letting the warmed rinse off the dirt and grime from the asylum. Turning off the water, she grabbed her toothbrush. As she got out the toothpaste there was a knockRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12195 Words   |  9 Pageshappened to me would be considered within parameters. From there, they let me out of the machine and I faked being Sister long enough to be sent on my way.† Finishing off my water I set it down and nervously licked my lips. â€Å"And that’s basically my story. After leaving I got a new kit, put myself up in a hotel and over the next few days I wandered around, saw the city, did some research, and experimented a bit with being an Esper... Any questions?† Mikoto and Kuroko stared at each other and at Mikoto’sRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11266 Words   |  6 Pagesfright. Drakes smirk grew as he noticed this. You dont have a choice. As soon as those words made their way into the dead air he bolted towards the other boy. Shadow pushed Jace behind him and braced for the incoming attack, and not like other stories, this one hit its mark. He winced, and noted the body behind him. Activating the pipes in his calves he dashed towards a clearing only to take a fireball to the back. Come back and fight me coward! Drake was catching up fast. Shadow struggledRead MoreShort Story Chapter 1774 Words   |  4 PagesThey made it out of Viridian Forest not long after defeating that swarm of Beedrill. It was getting close to evening by the time they made it to the next route, so they stopped to make camp for the night. It would be another two hours before they could make it to Pewter City if they continued. It was safest to just make camp. They sat around the fire Spitfire had made for them. Misty was the only one who didnt release her Pokà ©mon. Rattata snuggled in Gabbys lap and ate from the bag of chips inRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story922 Words   |  4 Pagesfather’s council table. He looks to her for advice even in granting justice. Since her mother’s death, the Princess is more the Queen than anything els e. She might offer you some perspective.† Gwen nodded. She glanced toward the sky to see Sol just short of his zenith overhead. â€Å"Perhaps we should ride on then?† â€Å"We’d make Whitgate in a few hours. Perhaps we might find suitable lodgings afterwards?† Seeing Gwen’s reluctance to put her out further in her eyes, Blancheflor insisted, â€Å"You are my guestRead MoreChapter 1 : A Short Story1136 Words   |  5 PagesKaterina stepped out of the shadow of the filing cabinet. She pushed her hood down and swung her sniper off of her back before leaning it against the wall. â€Å"Hey Maria.† She said as she placed the suitcase onto agent Hills desk. The brunette glanced at her before she looked back to her computer screen and continued to type. â€Å"Hello, Shadow.† The young woman snorted and quickly appeared next Hill, slinging an arm over her shoulders. â€Å"Oh, don’t be like that. You know calling me ‘Agent Volkova’ overRead MoreShort Story : Chapter 1803 Words   |  4 Pages Lightning flared and thunder rumbled through the skies of Brogontis. Luke paid no attention to the looming storm. He sat alone at his rightful place at the throne, his eyes distant as he mourned the loss of Dooly, his mentor, master, but more than that, his friend. In the shadows, the king watched unable to help his great-grandson, suffering yet another loss of life. A burden to big for someone so young. â€Å"Is there anything I can do?† A voice in the shadows said to Alaba. It was Ebadah. â€Å"YouRead MoreChapter 1 : A Short Story1272 Words   |  6 Pagestheir way to the store. As they walked in Brock saw a group of people he wished he hadn’t. These people were participants in his dreadful childhood, most people called the ones who gave birth to him family. But, for Brock that was a different story, he disowned them as soon as he became old enough for people to consider him an adult. His only safe haven was his house. His house was his everything, one of the only things that made him feel complete. A scowl appeared on Brock’s face as he looked

Communication and Intersection between Human Mind and Skin

One of the most complex and multifaceted interactions in the human body is the communication and intersection between the human mind and skin. Psychodermatology focuses on these interactions and attempts to bridge the two entities into a cohesive model. One of the dermatologic manifestations of psychiatric disease is observed in trichotillomania. Tricotillomania remains one of the lesser researched areas in psychiatry. Many theories and potential treatments exist, yet conclusive and well-constructed studies are still lacking. Much of the core understanding of trichotillomania stems from very few studies and anecdotal evidence. The mind and skin are connected in a multitude of ways. The most obvious is that they both originate from the same ectodermal origin. As such, they both are often affected by similar hormones and neurotransmitters . This concept helps explain the 30% to 60% incidence of psychiatric disorders in dermatological patients . Physiologically, the skin and mind are in tertwined by the combined actions of the neural, endocrine, immune, and cutaneous systems. Studies have shown that many dermatological pathologies may stem from psychological stress causing a disruption in the epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis . Yet, many dermatological patients are hesitant to pursue dual treatment for psychocutaneous disorders. In fact, many dermatologists confirmed to need for psychiatric consultation, especially when treating chronic diseases3. TrichotillomaniaShow MoreRelatedHaptic Technology3764 Words   |  16 Pagescommunicates sensations through a haptic interface –a stick, scalpel, racket or pen that is connected to a force-exerting motors. With this technology we can now sit down at a computer terminal and touch objects that exist only in the mind of the computer.By using special input/output devices (joysticks, data gloves, or other devices), users can receive feedback from computer applications in the form of felt sensations in the hand or other parts of the body. In combination with a visualRead MoreAmerica Is Built On Diversity2267 Words   |  10 Pagespsychological aspects of Latinos assimilating creates diversity within the family. The negative aspects regarding diversity are generally based on religion, politics, ignorance, jingoism and tribalism. Even considering American exceptionalism, we are human. We tend to segregate ourselves with people of the same financial bracket, belief systems, heritage, and education and are biased even while claiming tolerance of others not like us. This directly relates to cultural bias of established Americans againstRead MoreEssay on The History and Future of Cyborgs2740 Words   |  11 Pagespostulated in cyberculture. Cark (2004) identifies Manfred Clynes and co-author Nathan Kline as first coining the phrase Cyborg in a story called Cyborgs and Space published in Astronautics (September 1960). The term was used to describe a human being augmented with technological attachments. In popular fiction author Martin Caidin wrote the sci-fi fiction novel Cyborg in 1978, later adapted in the 1973 television series The six million dollar man. In this time, music also played aRead MoreBehind the Formaldehyde Curtain: Annotated Bibliography2656 Words   |  11 Pagesinto how dead bodies are treated in the United State even after Mitfords expose of the funeral industry was published. The article takes both a philosophical and scientific issue with the procedure of embalming sighting proven negative effects to human beings and the environment. Colmane shows that even though people are aware of the malfeasance and misappropriations of the funeral industry following pieces like Mitfords, very little has changed. Therefore problems that have been discussed in earlierRead MoreBionic: Artificial Pacemaker and Electronic Noses8677 Words   |  35 Pagescell research may be the answer, but no one knows for sure and, till then, it’s going to be artificial implants and this is where bionics comes into the picture. Let’s take a look at all that could possibly be done to restore or reconstruct a damaged human body. In simple terms, when we think about bionics, it is generally more about prosthetic arms or leg enhancement worn outside the body and, to some extend, even implanted sensor devices inside the body, which are essentially enhanced toRead MoreThe Socio-Cultural Effects of Technology on Society4293 Words   |  18 Pagessuperior technologies, resources, geography, and history give rise to robust economies; and in a well-functioning, robust economy, economic excess naturally flows into greater use of technology. Moreover, because technology is such an inseparable part of human society, especially in its economic aspects, funding sources for (new) technological endeavors are virtually illimitable. However, while in the beginning, technological investment involved little more than the time, efforts, and skills of one or aRead MoreNestle Consume Behavior10543 Words   |  43 Pagesminerals such as calcium, which is essential for bone development; magnesium, which is recommended f or muscles and the central nervous system; bicarbonates, which are particularly useful for digestion; and sodium, which helps regulate hydration in the human body. Overall mineralization is light (200 mg per liter) and suitable for the whole family. iii) To offer an affordable mineral water: As well as being pure, safe, healthy water, Nestle Pure Life is affordable and convenient. No matter what theRead MoreHow Does Black Administrators Affect Postsecondary Education For The Mid Level Administrator?7689 Words   |  31 PagesApproach Qualitative research can allow researchers to â€Å"hear silenced voices† and develop â€Å"complex [and] detailed understanding of the issue[s]† (Cresswell, 2007, p. 40) through (a) â€Å"lived experience†, (b) â€Å"culture and language†, and (c) â€Å"communication† (Marshall Rossman, 2006, p. 55). This project studies the individual Black administrator’s experience of being a subjugated minority member in a predominantly white collegiate education system. In this study, I examine the nature of socialRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesBLOCK IV TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Acronyms TITLE Defense Concepts Threats and Detection Random Antiterrorism Measures Communications Fire Control Measures Field Considerations Captives, Detainees, and Prisoners Field Operations Direction and Redirection of Forces Written Measurement #4 Individual Tactics and Techniques Map Reading Skills Land Navigation Convoys Urban OperationsRead MoreEssay on Reflexive Embodied Empathy9936 Words   |  40 Pagesdiscussion section develops this layered understanding of reflexive embodied empathy: There is a fluid movement from using one’s own experience as a way of understanding another’s embodiment to exploring the relational intersubjective empathic space between participant and researcher where self-understanding and other-understanding are intertwined. The implications of this for the practice of reflexivity in research are explored and elaborated. Phenomenological conceptions of empathy Defining

Knowledge Management and Ecommerce †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management and Ecommerce. Answer: Introduction: Knowledge management and ecommerce play crucial roles in enhancement of the business practices and improve its contextual factors like internal environment and organisational factors. Knowledge management refers to acquiring, preserving, using and sharing business data to conduct business with the help of modern technology like cloud computing. Ecommerce refers to use of digital platform to advertise and sell products which allows companies to offer goods to a global consumer base and earn huge profit. New entrepreneurial ventures like small hotels come under the influence of various factors like political and economical while operating in the market. They face threats from strong competitors like established hotel chains and new local hotel chains of the same size. These risks to budding hotel businesses have made it important for them to use knowledge management system(KMS) and ecommerce to conduct business on regular basis. They help budding business organisations like the hotel a nd catering business in Sydney to gain and maintain loyal consumer base. This loyal consumer base generates repeated business for these hotels and encourages them to expand further. The new hotel and catering business in Sydney would knowledge management system to manage its huge amount of data and use it efficiently to operate the business. The new hotel organisation will be impacted by a number of external factors like political, economical and legal(Knif, Kolari Pynnnen, 2014). These factors will affect its business operations deeply but the hotel will have no control over these factors. The new business organisation in order to thrive the competitive hotel industry will have to incorporate these macroeconomic factors in its business strategies. Knowledge management would help the business organisation to acquire, store and utilise the vast body of knowledge and gain access to it easily while making strategies(Sein-Echaluce veta l., 2013). For example, the organisation using KMS can keep a track on the new laws levied on the hotel organisations. This would allow it to incorporate these new laws and avoid penal actions from the various government departments. Thus knowledge mangemnt can help the new business organisation acquire vast knowledge about the external environment and apply the data by incorporating it in its strategies. Thus, KMS can help new business organisations to adapt to their environment faster. This adaptability with the external environment help the business organisations to enforce stronger organisational culture within their business contexts(Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Knowledge management can be instrumental in helping the new hotel business acquire and retain a vast data about customers which help the business generate repeat business. The new hotel business in Sydney should aim at attracting huge numbers of customer right from its budding stage. It should offer fooding and lodging services to its guests at affordable rates to counteract the threats from the established hotel chains. KMS would allow the new hotel chain to acquire and save a vast amount of data about these customers like their lifestyle, occupation, lifestyle and preferences(Shaw, 2016). The hotel organisation can use this crucial data while forming future marketing plan. For example, the hotel management may use the data regarding room designer preferences of customers during restructuring the layout of the hotel or during making a new hotel. This structuring of facilities keeping the customers preferences into consideration will help the hotel chain attract more customers. Moreo ver it can give special offers and discounts to its old customers. This treatment of the customers will enhance customer satisfaction and yield the hotel chain loyal customer base who would give it repeat business. This generation of revenue both from existing and new customers which would generate huge revenue(Rahimi Kozak, 2017). Thus knowledge management can help the new hotel business to maintain data about customers and provide them customised offers to enhance their satisfaction and obtain their loyalty. Knowledge management will help the new hotel and catering business in Sydney to acquire, manage and use business data more effectively. Hotel organisations irrespective of their sizes need to work with a large numbers of suppliers who supply them with raw materials. These organisations need to maintain large data on financial transactions, sources of financial capital and other relevant data for the internal usage while operating and decision making. Maintaining this vast amount of crucial data in physical formats would be very expensive and add to their cost of operations. It would erode their financial resources and occupy a lot of storage space. Knowledge Management makes acquisition and usage of enormous amount of business data possible virtually anytime and anywhere(Liebowitz Frank, 2016). This enhanced availability of scientifically managed data has made decision making more appropriate and business environment or context. Ecommerce like knowledge management has added value to the newly established hotel in Sydney and its business development. The hotel industry in Australia is extremely competitive with strong presence of both Australian indigenous hotels and international chains of hotels. This intense competition has made it very risky and challenging to sustain in the market. The hotel industry can use ecommerce websites to promote its catering and lodging services. It can partner with ecommerce hotel booking websites to advertise its rooms, their rates and facilities to a global base of consumers(Asadi, Abrifam Mohamadzadeh, 2014). This collaboration helps the hotel organisation in Sydney earn new customers who may attracted by the facilities and the rates. Thus, ecommerce allows the hotel organisations partner with travelling organisations to advertise their rooms to attract a global base of consumer. Ecommerce enables the new organisations to achieve product differentiation which is very important to gain high position in the market. The hotel market of Australia is extremely competitive and profitable. This has attracted a large number of hotel groups and home grown hotels. Today in order to exist in the competitive markets hotels are required to attain product differentiation to make their hotel services distinct from their competitors and attract more customers. The hotel chain can advertise the salient features of its products like rooms, facilities, layout and rates to attract consumers. The revenue earned due to differentiation can be used to bring about restructuring of organisation to elevate contextual factors like organisational culture and organisational goals (Wang, Cavusoglu Deng, 2016). Thus, ecommerce can help companies to gain product differentiation and earn huge revenue by providing customer service which teh customers perceive as unique. Ecommerce will help the business hotel organisations earn high profits by advertising before a global base of customers. The small hotel in Sydney would be able to advertise its facilities like room and tasty food on ecommerce websites. This would attract a large number of consumers and help the hotel to earn high revenue(Lu, Gursoy Lu, 2016). Ecommerce will not only help the hotels especially the new ones to earn more revenue but also to manage their business risks. The advertisement of the hotel and catering facilities on ecommerce platform would allow the new hotel in Sydney to showcase its facilities before a global base of customers. This would earn the hotel new customers and enormous revenue. This revenue can provide platform to the new hotel organisation to diversify its business risks(Chiu et al., 2014). Moreover, the organisations in order to sustain in the stiff competition have to bear huge initial investment in areas of knowledge management and advertising its products on the ecommerce websites. The huge body of profits earned by the new hotel company in Sydney provides a substratum where the business can diversify its business risk and uncertainty. Ecommerce helps the newly formed business find new markets to sell their products. When organisations advertise their products before a global consumer base, it opens ways for business expansion. The hotel chain using the ratings on ecommerce website are able to assess their market image. Strong image available on the websites show growing demands of the hotel amnong new customer base. This growing demand encourage the hotel organisation encourage it to expand overseas. Thus, ecommerce helps hotel organisations to find new markets and expand overseas. Moreover, the new hotel businesses can use to ecommerce platforms to find suppliers of raw materials(Ahmad et al., 2015). It can be concluded that knowledge management and ecommerce are very useful to new hotel businesses in Sydney. Knowledge management help these organisations to acquire, maintain and use a large volume of data to allow appropriate decision making. Ecommerce helps the hotels to advertise their facilities before a global base of consumers to attract a large number of visitors. Thus, combining ecommerce and knowledge management new business can explore the market opportunities like new consumer bases to earn high profits. References: Ahmad, S. Z., Abu Bakar, A. R., Faziharudean, T. M., Mohamad Zaki, K. A. (2015). An empirical study of factors affecting e-commerce adoption among small-and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country: Evidence from Malaysia.Information Technology for Development,21(4), 555-572. Asadi, N., Abrifam, A., Mohamadzadeh, M. (2014). Consumer behavior in the new methods of e-business. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Clarqvist, B., Andersson, L., Zwart, J. J. (2017). Benefits of using offline online methods in the internationalization process: A study of e-commerce companies in Sweden. Knif, J., Kolari, J., Pynnnen, S. (2014). Market conditions and time varying conditional correlations.Applied Finance Letters,3(1), 22-27. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Pearson. Liebowitz, J., Frank, M. (Eds.). (2016).Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press. Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, C. Y. R. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of consumers confusion in the online tourism domain.Annals of Tourism Research,57, 76-93. Rahimi, R., Kozak, M. (2017). Impact of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction: The case of a budget hotel chain.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,34(1), 40-51. Sein-Echaluce, M., Lers, D., Blanco, . F., Garca-Pealvo, F. J. (2013, November). Knowledge management system for applying educational innovative experiences. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality(pp. 405-410). ACM. Shaw, S. (2016).Airline marketing and management. Routledge. Wang, S., Cavusoglu, H., Deng, Z. (2016). Early mover advantage in e-commerce platforms with low entry barriers: The role of customer relationship management capabilities.Information Management,53(2), 197-206.

Team Project Management Plan

Question: Discuss about the Team Project Management Plan. Answer: Introduction PMP or project management plan is the toll in form of document that will support in outlining the project. Since each of the projects is different in the nature thus PMP will differ from one of the project to other. For illustrating the project content, PMP will serve as the guide. It will outline each member roles and responsibilities that is participating in project. Project plan will get crated with aim of creating two of the applications that are intended for supporting the children with the skills of learning on languages and mathematics. One application will intended to support children with the languages and math, the other application intended to support children with the abilities that are learning. The project manager details will embrace the PMP and members of the team, deliverables lists, reference materials list, acronym and definitions list, organizational chart description, roles and responsibilities of project and some used data along with technical and management pro cedures, work done with the help of budget and schedule. All these details are using PMP that is there in book by Schwalbe 2010, (pp. 151-154) as the guide for building and preparing. Name of the project Development project for Music application Description of Project The projects include the two applications development ti support and improve the mathematical abilities of the children. Every application will intend for using the music as the way to support children to be good at languages and math. This music application development is further divided into the two phases. One phase is only for helping the children for enhancing the abilities related to mathematics. The second phase is dedicated with the specific app to the children which are having some disabilities. As there is involvement of application it will do enhancements and face testing. The budget for this project is set to be $700,000 and this becomes the high priority project. The expectation for delivery and completion of this project is in time of 6 months. Details of Sponsor John Jones, the CIO and the education research VP, Richard Wilson, both have made this new Development Project of Music Application the priority project. The sponsor of the project assumes the critical part in the development of the project. With sponsors close communication is very important for the project success.. Details of Contact Name Contact Details Role Email ID John Jones CIO Sponsor Jones.John@edapp.com Richard Wilson VP of Educations Research Sponsor Wilson.Richard@edapp.com Organization Chart Responsibilities of the project Roles Responsible Member Head of Company CEO Sponsors of Project Education research VP and Educational project apps CIO Manager of Project Team members of the Project IT Liaison Main Internal Team Member Education Liaison Team Member that are External Programmers Team Member of Project Head of Company Related to company all deals are with high level parties Ultimate decision maker For organization create policies and plan Organization leader Sponsors of Project Accountable for each planned delivery benefits that are associated with project Make sure all essential project resources are available For project make the commercial decisions Lead committee and Project Steering Board Sponsors full project requirements Manager of Project Setting priorities and aims Leading and managing the team of project Directing the budgeting procedures and annual planning Against each aim monitor the performance of project For design specification give final approval IT Liaison Contact maintaining with specialist on one hand and diversity of suppliers Change request prioritization Functional requirement preparation Prepare the acceptance test plan Programmers Examining and researching the consulting users and present system Training the users Liaising with the colleagues Writing operating manuals and software Fault fixing and finding Management and Technical Process Objectives of Management In market, currently for children there are no educational applications related to music available. Thus, organization Edapp.Inc planned for developing for the children two of the musical apps, one that will boost the children mathematical abilities and another is mainly for the children with the disabilities to support their physical and mental development. Both applications are related to each other thus added in the same project which is completed within four months time period with the provided budget of $700,000. The organizations new management are trying to make profit from these apps, thus they are planning to enter into other markets also as the business training apps and 3D android application used for music. Controls of project The most stressful job is to run and manage the project smoothly. Informed the changes immediately and there should be clear communication within the staff. Project aim changes done at project core period are the major risk because mixed reviews are provided by manager and sponsor of the project. Monthly meeting that was conducted provides a positive response from manager and sponsor of the project. A clear and good requirement lists for the project should be available which states the application important features. Within the project for different groups a single representatives from the team is responsible for each of the group or team handling. For better project operations below are the steps that need to be taken: On the timely basis, analysis of report from representative of team done by peers. Weekly written and verbal report should be provided whenever required between the progress of the project Weekly team meeting will keep track on the progress of the project and will justify the project headings. References Schwalbe, K. (2010). Information technology Project Management. Boston: Course Technology CENGAGE Learning.