How to Write a Petition Letter for University Essay Example

How to Write a Petition Letter for University Paper There are different sorts of petitions that are usually written by people in order to influence decisions, change something or get something. Let us see the different forms of university petition letters. Petition for Exemption Writing petition letter for university is a very common thing. It is because there will come many instances when students have to apply for exemptions but in order to get these exemptions students first have to write a petition to the concerned person or the department. It is also important to note that it is not always necessary that your petition would acquire the approval. However, it will at least help you to make the authorities aware of you and your concerned problem. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Petition Letter for University specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Petition Letter for University specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Petition Letter for University specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prior to writing the petition to the university, it is integral to first find out the name of the department and the person in charge there. Remember that if you don’t mention the name of the person to whom the letter is addressed to, the department may avert their eyes from it. Petition for Admission Petition letters are also used when an applicant wants to take admission in a particular university. The applicants have to submit the petition along with other necessary documentation and express their reasons why they want to go for this particular program. The minimum grade to apply for admission in any academia is at least 3 GPA. However, students can still get the admission in their desired university if they tell the reason in their petition letter that why they should be taken in by the university. Petition for Financial Aid You would also have to write a petition if you need financial aid in order to continue your university study because your financial package is not sufficient. Here you have to write a persuasive petition letter to the financial aid department of that university in an effort to get sufficient aid to complete your program. You can also submit a petition again if the department has canceled the aid due to your poor grades. When writing a petition letter for acquiring financial aid it is important that you must address the justifying circumstances specifically. Briefly explain them the change in your income and expenses which are making it difficult for you to continue the studies. However if it is a petition for defending your financial aid, it is necessary to tell them If there has been an incident in your family or you were very ill during the examination. In such cases, it is also important that you must attach a pertinent document like a certificate from your physician in order to support your statement. Petition for Grades Oftentimes it is observed that mistakes are made by the teachers or professors while assessing the grades of the students. When pupils feel that they have not been given the grades they actually deserved they can file a petition for grades. Although every academia has its own method of filing a petition but the main format of writing one is the same in every college/university.

Essay on The Scarlet Letter Trial Notes

Essay on The Scarlet Letter Trial Notes Essay on The Scarlet Letter Trial Notes Scarlett Letter Trial Notes I had to watch myself slowly transform into someone I am not. The isolation given to me by the society I lived in forced me to dwell in my sins which eventually began taking a toll on my mentality and even my physical being. I had a determination to stand alone despite the opinion of society. My morals were a bigger concern to me that the thoughts of the judgmental people who surrounded me. I completely lacked any adult companionship throughout my life. The only comfort outside of my home I had was the feeling when a stranger in town didn’t comment on my past or the â€Å"A† placed on my breast. I had nothing but the strength of spirit to sustain me. One thing I have always been concerned with is trust I possess in myself and the knowledge that I am as honest as I possibly can be. Above all things, I was honest. I was not only honest to the entire public, but I was honest with myself. Even in my sham of a marriage, Chillingworth knew that I was frank with him. I felt no love, nor faked any. My life is public repentance. Even after years of social alienation I began to change again, mentally. I no long wallowed in self pity. I began offering comfort to the poor, the sick, and the broken. When the governor was dying, I was at his side. Despite the fact he never did anything to deserve my comfort. I had no friend, no companion, not one foot crossed the doorstep of my cottage. I had Pearl to raise and she produced a great number of difficulties. But in my solitude, I had a great deal of time to think. My shame in the face of public opinion, her loneliness and suffering, and her quiet acceptance of her position

Accounting Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting Concepts - Essay Example Under the money measurement concept, these items can be recorded as a land worth $100,000, a building (containing 10 rooms and conference hall) worth $500,000, 250 chairs at $50 each, and so on The money measurement concept assumes that money is a stable unit of measurement and therefore the value of money does not change with time. Going concern concept The going concern concept implies that accounting transactions are recorded keeping the view that the business will exist for a long period of time. More precisely, a business enterprise is considered to be a going concern but not a liquidated one. As per the going concern concept, asset valuation is done at historical cost or replacement cost. The going concern concept is a fundamental principle to the preparation of financial statements (Rajasekaran 2011, p.18). In case of short term business projects like building construction, the business comes to an end once the construction of the particular building is completed. In contrast, some business entities that operate in the automobile or consumable goods industry exist for a long period and they will continue their business activities in the foreseeable future. According to this concept, business enterprises treat prepaid expenses as assets in their balance sheets even though they are not saleable practically. Dual aspect concept Dual aspect concept is one of the fundamental accounting concepts and assumes that every transaction has a two-fold aspect – giving certain benefits and receiving certain benefits. The underlying principle of the double entry system is that every debit has an equal and corresponding amount of credit (Johnston & Johnston 2006, p.54). From the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities+Capital), it is... The object evidence concept says that all accounting activities must be objective evidence based. In other words, there should be adequate verifiable documents to support the reliability of every transaction recorded in the books of accounts. This is the very essential for auditors to verify the reliability of accounts prepared. It is to be noted that the verifiable evidences must be objective but not subjective. For instance, a business entity has to keep receipts for the building rent paid. From the above discussion, it is clear that all the ten accounting concepts explained are greatly beneficial for accountants to prepare universally comparable, understandable, reliable, and relevant set of accounts. These accounting concepts give a standard structure to books of accounts prepared globally. â€Å"The accrual concept is an accounting system which recognises revenues and expenses as they are earned or incurred, respectively, without regard to the date of receipt or payment†. In simpler words, revenue is recorded in the books of accounts on its realisation but not its actual receipt. In the same way, expenses have to be recognised when they are incurred but not when the payment is made actually. To illustrate, a business unit paid $5,000 in rent for the building and machinery a year whereas it had owed only $4,500 in rent. That means the company prepaid $500 in rent. At the end of the accounting period, the prepaid rent is recorded on the asset side of the balance sheet.

Aviation Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aviation Law - Case Study Example (a) that the flight can safely be made, taking into account the latest information available as to the route and aerodrome to be used, the weather reports and forecasts available and any alternative course of action which can be adopted in case the flight cannot be completed as planned; (c) that the aircraft is in every way fit for the intended flight, and that where a certificate of maintenance review is required by article 14(1) to be in force, it is in force and will not cease to be in force during the intended flight; (e) in the case of a flying machine or airship, that sufficient fuel, oil and engine coolant (if required) are carried for the intended flight, and that a safe margin has been allowed for contingencies, and, in the case of a flight for the purpose of public transport, that the instructions in the operations manual relating to fuel, oil and engine coolant have been complied with; x x x " [Emphasis supplied] 'Commander' in relation to an aircraft means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of that aircraft by the operator, or, failing such a person, the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft; [Emphasis supplied] In the situation given, it is clear tha... ion to an aircraft means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of that aircraft by the operator, or, failing such a person, the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft; [Emphasis supplied] In the situation given, it is clear that Carl was the commander of the aircraft for purposes of Article 52 of the ANO because Carl was the pilot in command of the aircraft. As a commander, it is therefore Carl's responsibility to conduct all pre-flight action as required of him under Article 52 of the ANO. Specifically, Carl's responsibility is to ensure before the flight that the aircraft has sufficient fuel for the intended flight. Based on the situation given, the aircraft's engine stopped due to fuel starvation, there being insufficient fuel for the intended flight. Moreover, considering Carl's failure to check the sufficiency of the fuel, he likewise failed to - (1) ensure "that the flight can safely be made," (2) take "into account the latest information available as to the route and aerodrome to be used, the weather reports and forecasts available," (3) ensure that "the equipment required" in the circumstances of the intended flight is carried and "is in a fit condition for use"; (4) see to it "that the aircraft is in every way fit for the intended flight," and (5) carry sufficient fuel for the intended flight, all in violation of Carl's duty as commander pursuant to Article 52 of the ANO. Furthermore, and as previously stated, Article 52 of the ANO requires a commander like Carl in the given situation to ensure that the flight may commence under and in accordance with the terms of a permission granted to the operator under Article 21 of the ANO, which provides as follows: "Minimum equipment requirements 21 (1) x x x. (2) An

Effective team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Effective team performance - Essay Example In this document, this issue will be looked at critically to see how the teams in Electron were used in the recruitment process and the application of this in other organisations. This case study showed that a good team formation can be useful in creating a good platform for recruitment. Recruitment is changing, and it is getting increasingly necessary for organisations to be able to get talent and develop talents. This document will indicate, through a closer look at the facts in the case study, how an organisation can use teams in the organisation to have a proper and productive recruitment. It also indicates how these teams can be used in getting the right talents and also in maintaining the best talent and making sure that the wrong employees are kicked out of the organisation when and if necessary. 3 Team synergy A crucial effect of teams is actually synergy where each team members bring in their best and use it to improve the team in terms of productivity and efficiency (Select Knowledge Limited 2011). This document will look at this with regard to how the team members in Electron contributed to the development of a more formidable workforce. According to Dyer 2013, team synergy is about making sure that every member in the team benefits from the strengths of others and that each of the individual weaknesses are covered by the other members. However, how this is achieved can be a challenge because there may be other inhibiting factors that may make it harder for a team to synergise. 4 Team is not a collection of people One of the most important theories about a team is a collection of people with common goals and who aid each other in achieving this goal (Belbin 2012). With regard to the Electron case study, this will be investigated to see how the teams in Electron worked together in order to achieve their goals together. 5 Introduction Teamwork is one of the most important performance tools. Being able to inspire teamwork in the organisation is one of t he most useful things that an organisation can do. Teamwork may be utilised as a tool to help the organisation to overcome numerous setbacks in the market. This can be exemplified in the Electron case study. The teamwork illustrated in the case study can be looked at using the different team theories. One thing that is the most striking about the teams in Electron is that they are able to work together to a stronger force in order to achieve their goals. 6 Concertive control One of the main issues that come out in the case study is the way the team have used concertive control in making sure that the teams remain functional. There exist various factors which may be attributed to this concertive control. One of them is the fact it becomes more effective than having a manager led team. According to Kelley 1992, concertive control can be seen as a way to help the teams to be able to have leadership that is not dependent on one person but rather where everyone, new or old has a say and can contribute to the leadership. This is very useful in motivating team members into contributing to the team. People are more likely to be effective and cooperative when get the attitude that they are in control of their environment rather than when they feel that they are controlled

Adopting MapReduce and Hummingbird for Information Retrieval

Adopting MapReduce and Hummingbird for Information Retrieval Adopting MapReduce and Hummingbird for Information Retrieval in dedicated cloud Environment Dr. Piyush Gupta Chandelkar Kashinath K. Abstract: Data collected in section 3 indicated the number of active internet users across the globe. The collected chunks of information termed as Big Data not only utilizes physical resources into the network, but also leads to increase in human and financial resources. Cloud computing being a technology with IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service) provides virtual resources on pay per use policy. MapReduce being widely used Algorithm is used in line with Hummingbird Search engine for information retrieval. Keywords: MapReduce, SaaS, IaaS, PaaS, Hummingbird, Big data 1. Introduction One of the papers published in International conference at Jaipur, entitled â€Å"The Need and Impact of Hummingbird Algorithm on Cloud based Content Management System† [21] elaborates on existence of humming bird algorithm on 15th birthday of Google. In existence with previous Google algorithms like panda 3.5, page rank and penguin, hummingbird is a new replacement of full engine instead of repairing individual modules. This has affected 90% of data across the globe. Migrating MapReduce algorithm on cloud environment using Hadoop, not only improves performance due to cloud features but also the efficiency is increased with cost minimization. 2. Problem Fig-1: Data center Source: IBM Enterprise System Fig-1 gives a snapshot of engineers working at data centers who manages information from diverse platforms and resources. Managing hardware and Network with virtualized resources needs dedicated young talent. When it comes to end user, he gets an average service as a result of improper management of data centers. MapReduce is one of the best known algorithms used for IR (Information Retrieval) in addition with existing algorithms as explained in section 7. Due to exponential increase in smart devices that supports voice based search, definitely needs fast and efficient searching algorithm for information retrieval. The voice based search assists to make smart decisions in real time applications like place identification, weather forecast and medical assistance using android based applications. 3. Why problem is important Fig-2: Global Internet users Source: W3 Foundation Looking at data increase across the globe as shown in Fig-2 (data collected till July 1, 2014) [19], the pilled content in repositories is increasing worldwide. It requires huge amount of hardware resources running for years to extract information and knowledge for decision making. The big challenge in big data is ever increasing content utilizing human resource and cost to create chunks in available networks across the globe, which needs attention. 4. It is an unsolved problem From the following relevant reviewed literature (table-1), it gives a blueprint that the problem has still remained unsolved. The authors have either focused on cloud components [6] [11] or had used traditional Google Components during the analysis. Since Hummingbird Algorithm [10] is not keyword based the searching criteria have changed. When combined with MapReduce [1] [3] [15] in cloud environment shall definitely yield efficient results with minimum cost and resources. Table-1: Existing Systems compared 5. Here is my idea Fig-3: Proposed Information Retrieval System Being cloud computing [4] [6] is upcoming Technology as discussed in section -7.2, is a good source of virtualized resources that helps to manage content on diverse platform irrespective of geographical boundaries. An instance of Hadoop that supports MapReduce Algorithm (elaborated in sec-7) is migrated in cloud environment using SaaS (Software as a Service) to whom input is diverted for processing. Hummingbird (more in section-7) Algorithm is a brand new search engine designed to understand meaning from acquired query instead of word, is imparted to collect output from MapReduce instance. The collected output on Amazon S3 cluster is efficiently and effectively delivered to end user based on voice based request, in addition to traditional systems for efficient decision making in the field of medicine, scientific research and so on. 6. My idea works To confirm the working of proposed idea, a hosted instance of Hadoop was used that supports MapReduce Algorithm and S3 data cluster from Amazon. It also has Qubole [20] managed database to test the instance in cloud environment. Qubole has an API (Application programming Interface) that gives overview of running instances through dashboard. A user shall give input as a database or can manually select file in addition to query wizard. Once the input is given to MapReduce cluster, data analysis shall be done by using hive query in addition to pig script. Following results were collected by using existing database. Fig-4: Cloud based Hadoop Instance Source: Qubole Figure -4 shows a dashboard running Hadoop instance, in which 2 queries have finished data analysis. It communicates at runtime with Amazon S3 bucket where data is stored for input. The mapper [1][3][15] scans the data files from the source and extends the output to reducer. The reducer further processes data and is sent back to S3 cluster for further processing. This information shall be accessed by end user through web access and with the support of Hummingbird Algorithm. Fig-5: Running Hadoop Cluster Source: Qubole Fig-5 shows a single running Hadoop Instance in cloud environment. Qubole supports metrics of instances running simultaneously that enhances performance their by increasing efficiency. The graph in the above figure indicates time spent to complete single job. Every task is monitored by master DNS having unique ID. To each DNS a list of queries shall be given as input for further analysis. Fig-6 shows process getting started on Hadoop Cluster that combines both map and Reduce session together. The jobs performed uses batch processing system for single instance. Running multiple instances on different clusters in cloud environment makes process more efficient without investing much is physical infrastructure. As a result of which end user shall enjoy the benefits of information retrieval with minimum time, cost and physical resources. As cloud supports pay per use policies resource allocation as per requirements becomes easier. Fig-6: Hadoop Master DNS Source: Qubole Detail explanation about concepts existing algorithms used for information retrieval BFS(Bredth First Search) Redundant BFS. ISN (Intelligent Search Machine) Directed BFS Random walker search Randomized Gossiping Centralized approach Distributed Information retrieval Searching Object identifier Following explanations shall help to elaborate more about specific areas. 7.2 Cloud Architecture Fig-7: Cloud Architecture Source: NIST Cloud is an upcoming technology that supports IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service) as shown in Fig-7. For any hosted instance in cloud, open source software is used as a server that supports virtualization and Grid technology. Virtual private network is used in addition to broadband network13] [16]. As a service provider SLA (Service level Agreement) is signed between an organization and service provider. Distributed computing is one of the known components as data transferred across the network requires secure, authentic and efficient service in a given network. The type of cloud includes public, private, community and hybrid cloud [2]. Private clouds are hosted in dedicated environment having firewall and other authentication features. Updating existing system and taking backup remains responsibility of the owner. Hybrid clouds may be hosted in private environment in synchronization with public resources. The end user held responsible for resources used in public cloud with minimum security. 7.3 MapReduce Algorithm Fig-8: MapReduce Algorithm Source: Jimmy Lin, University of Maryland The algorithm takes data input as a file or database in the form of query. A list of mapper instances are activated which travels across the database in search of information. The jobs or data values are shuffled based on keys and aggregated as an input to reducers. These reducers understand the key inputs and reshuffle to get unique relevant information for further processing as shown in Fig-8[1]. 7.4 Hummingbird Algorithm Hummingbird Algorithm [10] [21] is the latest birthday gift from Google. Panda 3.5 and penguin were basically filters applied to searching criteria in the form of web pages and hyperlink. The traditional search engine extracts information based on keywords. Considering a sentence â€Å"How many times does hummingbird flap their wings per second?† the traditional search engine being keyword based tries to extract word like times, flap and per second. Based on collected keywords the web pages are searched in database. The collected content undergoes filtering from panda and penguin. Resultant results are displayed to user in the form of hyperlinks. Being hummingbird is innovation in the field of search and meant for voice based information retrieval, it accepts query as a single sentence instead of keywords. The engine tries to understand meaning and creates knowledge base from provided information or query. Fig-9: Hummingbird Search Source: Google.com In fig-9, the query asked to Google was where am i? Using voice search. The search engine had found my current location based on IP address or physical location and displayed map for the same. 8. Conclusion and future work The paper is continuation to hummingbird Algorithm [21] that supports MapReduce Algorithm with Hummingbird search engine in dedicated cloud environment. Qubole a hosted Hadoop instance is used to confirm working of MapReduce in support with Amazon S3 for data during. A single hive query instance on single DNS is tested which shall be extended for testing multiple instances of hive and pig script simultaneously as future work. References [1] Rahul Prasad Kanu , Shabeera T P , S D Madhu Kumar 2014- Dynamic Cluster Configuration Algorithm in MapReduce Cloud, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3), 2014, 4028-4033. [2] Mr. Kulkarni N. N., Dr. Pawar V. P., Dr. K.K Deshmukh -2014 Evaluation of Information Retrieval in Cloud computing based services, Asian Journal of Management Sciences 02 (03 (Special Issue)) [3] Brian Hellig, Stephen turner, rich collier, long zheng-2014- beyond map educe: the next generation of big data analytics HAMR.Eti.com. [4] Ismail Hmeidi, Maryan Yatim, Ala’ Ibrahim, Mai Abujazouh, 2014 Survey of Cloud Computing Web Services for Healthcare Information Retrieval Systems , International conference on Computing Technology and Information Management, Dubai, UAE. [5] Anil Radhakrishnan and Kiran kalmadi -2013- Big Data Medical engine in the cloud, Infosys Lab Briefing Vol-11, No-1. [6] Dr. Sanjay Mishra, Dr. Arun Tiwari 2013 A Novel Technique for Information Retrieval Based on Cloud Computing, international Journal of information technology. [7] Yu Mon Zaw, Nay Min Tun 2013-Web Services Based Information Retrieval Agent System for Cloud Computing. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research Volume 2– Issue 1, 67-71. [8] Gautam Vemuganti 2013- Metadata Management in Big data, Infosys lab Briefing. [9] Aaditya Prakash 2013-Natured Inspired visualization of unstructured big data, Infosys lab briefing, Vol-11, No-1. [10] Xinxin Fan, Guang Gong,Honggang Hu-2011- Remedying the Hummingbird Cryptographic Algorithm, IEEE. [11] Mosashi Inoue 2009- image retrieval: research and use in the information retrieval, National Institute of Informatics. [12] Jeff Dean Google Fellow 2009- Challenges in Building Large-Scale Information Retrieval Systems. [13] Tsungnan Lin, Pochiang Lin, Hsinping Wang,Chiahung Chen-2009-Dynamic Search Algorithm in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks, IEEE. [14] William Hersh -2008 Future perspectives Ubiquitous but unfinished: grand challenges for information retrieval, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. [15] Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat 2004-MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters, Google.com. [16] Mehran Sahami Vibhu Mittal Shumeet Baluja Henry Rowley 2003-The Happy Searcher: Challenges in Web Information Retrieval, google.com [17] James Allan 2002-Challenges in Information Retrieval and Language Modeling, Report of a Workshop held at the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, University of Massachusetts Amherst [18] Amit Singhal 2001- Modern Information Retrieval: A Brief Overview IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering. [19] tp://www.internetlivestats.com [20] https://api.qubole.com [21] Dr. Piyush Gupta, kashinath Chandelkar 2012- The Need and Impact of Hummingbird Algorithm on Cloud based Content Management System, vol-2, issue-12, IJARCSSE journal.

Deforestation Essay -- essays research papers

Deforestation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The planet Earth is being scarred. Everyday the people of the planet earth are polluting the planet’s air, water and land. These are all natural resources that are necessary for our survival on this planet. Yet, we continue to abuse our planet. Our world population is growing out of control. The simple lesson of supply and demand tells us that we will need more resources in order to support the booming population. One of the most important factors in survival is food supply. With out enough food, we will not survive. Unfortunately, our forest ecosystems are paying the price for the food demand. Deforestation is a major problem on our planet. It is something that must be carefully monitored and regulated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deforestation is a practice that has been taking place for thousands of years. Human beings have found it necessary to clear out the forests for settlement and cropland. Although there is no evidence as to how much of the planet’s forests has been cut down, it is obvious that this valuable ecosystem is declining. Studies estimate that, â€Å"original forest cover has been reduced by nearly 50 percent.† (WRI, p.90)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The forest ecosystem provides a number of services both directly and indirectly to humans. For example, the Carbon and Nitrogen cycles are two of the cycles that are necessary for survival on our planet. Carbon is a key element on our planet. Carbon is found in the atmosphere, in plants and animals and in the ocean. â€Å"About 33 percent of the carbon that has accumulated in the atmosphere over the past 150 years has come from deforestation and changes in land use.† (WRI, p.50) When the carbon is in plants, it is released back into the atmosphere in a process called cellular respiration. If the trees and plants are cut down, the carbon cycle is not completed. The carbon will not be effectively removed from the air. â€Å"Fifteen tons of carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) occur in the air column above each hectare (2.5 acres) of the Earth’s surface. One hectare of lush vegetation can remove 50 tons of carbon from the atmosphere annually.† (WRI, p. 60)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nitrogen is another key element. Lack of Nitrogen could limit plant growth. Often times, Nitrogen is added to fertilizers to help increase the growth of the crop. However, beca... ...restrictions on any practice, which could have a physical effect on the environment. For example, the government should have a good inventory of the country’s natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The government could also attach taxes to any natural resources, which are being traded out of the country. These taxes could be used, for example, to help replant forests. The money would help encourage farmers and timber harvesters to use alternative means in order to help protect the forests. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have learned in class a lot about environmental sustainability. Humans are just a part of the many ecosystems on our planet. It is important that people consider themselves equals to the other species on this planet. We need each other in order to survive. Increased croplands may be a necessity, however, there are ways to make it less damaging to our environment. We cannot always look at the quickest, cheapest ways to get what we need. In the end, if we don’t change our ways, we (humans) will be responsible for the ultimate demise of our planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deforestation Essay -- essays research papers Deforestation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The planet Earth is being scarred. Everyday the people of the planet earth are polluting the planet’s air, water and land. These are all natural resources that are necessary for our survival on this planet. Yet, we continue to abuse our planet. Our world population is growing out of control. The simple lesson of supply and demand tells us that we will need more resources in order to support the booming population. One of the most important factors in survival is food supply. With out enough food, we will not survive. Unfortunately, our forest ecosystems are paying the price for the food demand. Deforestation is a major problem on our planet. It is something that must be carefully monitored and regulated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deforestation is a practice that has been taking place for thousands of years. Human beings have found it necessary to clear out the forests for settlement and cropland. Although there is no evidence as to how much of the planet’s forests has been cut down, it is obvious that this valuable ecosystem is declining. Studies estimate that, â€Å"original forest cover has been reduced by nearly 50 percent.† (WRI, p.90)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The forest ecosystem provides a number of services both directly and indirectly to humans. For example, the Carbon and Nitrogen cycles are two of the cycles that are necessary for survival on our planet. Carbon is a key element on our planet. Carbon is found in the atmosphere, in plants and animals and in the ocean. â€Å"About 33 percent of the carbon that has accumulated in the atmosphere over the past 150 years has come from deforestation and changes in land use.† (WRI, p.50) When the carbon is in plants, it is released back into the atmosphere in a process called cellular respiration. If the trees and plants are cut down, the carbon cycle is not completed. The carbon will not be effectively removed from the air. â€Å"Fifteen tons of carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) occur in the air column above each hectare (2.5 acres) of the Earth’s surface. One hectare of lush vegetation can remove 50 tons of carbon from the atmosphere annually.† (WRI, p. 60)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nitrogen is another key element. Lack of Nitrogen could limit plant growth. Often times, Nitrogen is added to fertilizers to help increase the growth of the crop. However, beca... ...restrictions on any practice, which could have a physical effect on the environment. For example, the government should have a good inventory of the country’s natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The government could also attach taxes to any natural resources, which are being traded out of the country. These taxes could be used, for example, to help replant forests. The money would help encourage farmers and timber harvesters to use alternative means in order to help protect the forests. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have learned in class a lot about environmental sustainability. Humans are just a part of the many ecosystems on our planet. It is important that people consider themselves equals to the other species on this planet. We need each other in order to survive. Increased croplands may be a necessity, however, there are ways to make it less damaging to our environment. We cannot always look at the quickest, cheapest ways to get what we need. In the end, if we don’t change our ways, we (humans) will be responsible for the ultimate demise of our planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Film Techniques against the Theme of “Change” Essay

How are we made aware of the filmmaker’s attitude towards change? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his attitude towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom â€Å"Pleasantville†. He doesn’t necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive result; rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and self and that it is important to understand and accept change. Ross contrasts the ignorance and mindlessness of the unchanged people of Pleasantville with the hunger for knowledge that the changed (or coloured) people possess, communicating to the viewer that change and knowledge go hand in hand. Ross also portrays and somewhat satirises an unchanged society’s people to be ruled by their own mindlessness, and in their epiphany, translates to the viewer that change can come from within or from outside one’s self but is different for everyone. Dark overtones are used to parallel the Pleasantville to a society under fascist rule. However, in the end, change will always affect everyone and this new understanding will help to overcome the changes encountered in the future that may seek to detriment the society. The three scenes which will be discussed in relation to the filmmaker’s attitude towards change are the breakfast scene, the classroom scene, and the rain scene. The breakfast scene is the scene where Betty is piling food on other food and topping it off with maple syrup for Mary-Sue’s breakfast. The audience is overwhelmed at the ridiculous amount of food that is being placed on her plate, which is shown by extreme close-up and cuts of the shots of every time another food item is slapped onto the plate, and is accompanied by an upbeat music. The audience knows that the person under the guise of Mary-Sue is Jennifer, stereotypical of an American teenage girl, so she is naturally concerned about her weight and watches the food she eats. The scene is ironic because such a big breakfast is the exact type of meal she would be trying to avoid. The scene is also hyperbolic as even in the 1950s, it would be considered  ridiculous to eat such a variety of foods for just one morning meal. The ‘jumpy’ non-diegetic music timed with the quick shots of food being placed on the plate, and the jump-cuts showing the reactions of a horrified Jennifer when seeing all this food, assist create situational humour. The reason that all these techniques have been used to create humour is to present a sitcom-style situation. In doing this, Gary Ross satirises the mindlessness of the unchanged people and this becomes important as the storyline progresses. The breakfast scene is also a place which symbolically informs the audience of the current circumstances of Pleasantville. Betty is piling food which would normally be considered tasteful by the audience once in a while and individually: pancakes, salami, bacon and eggs. This is what could be represented in the saying: â€Å"Too much of a good thing is never good.† The incongruous mix of foods is intentionally used by the filmmaker to make the audience feel uncomfortable. It is symbolically stating that there are too many good things in Pleasantville. There is also a sense that this is the situation everyday, meaning there is no change. This can be inferred from the ease and comfort with which Betty is placing the food on Mary-Sue’s plate. It is as if she has been doing this her whole life. The final food item is the syrup being slowly poured onto all the other foods, which is shown for a longer amount of time than the other foods and with the music becoming slower, almost as if poison. This symbolises the ‘sickly sweet’ mannerism which has consumed the people of Pleasantville. Ross is effectively trying to convey the bitterness of a sickly sweet society who has never seen anything other than the norm and has never experienced any change. This suggestion can be furthered in the discussion of the film’s â€Å"black-and-white technique†. The black-and-white technique is not just important in the distinguishing of changed people from unchanged people. It was conventionally used in Noir films to represent the dark overtones of the society. It is used as a motif in Pleasantville for the majority of the beginning of Jennifer and David’s adventure (until things start to change, that is). This is especially significant with all the subtle implications  and allusions to a Nazi-style dictatorship. For example, the burning of books is reminiscent of that in 1936 when the German government burnt all books which would oppose its rule, in fear that the society it governed would think of rebelling. Big Bob is the obvious ruler, as he is almost always seen with a low shot, making him look big and powerful to the audience. Bob’s situation is similar, burning books to stop changes occurring. Books are seen as works of art which are derived from the imagination of thinking people. Bob’s censorship practices extend to the prohibition of Mr Johnson from using colours to paint (that is, from using the full extent of his imagination) in his Code of Conduct. In this way, he is much like the German government in the 30s. However, he wants to continue his rule without any violent opposition; only ‘pleasantness’. There is irony however, as there is vandalism and disruption when the Milk Bar is broken into and sabotaged because of his encouragement, which is the exact opposite of ‘pleasant’. The fact that people submitted to this way of life (where everything is sickly sweet) without opposition before (before changes were introduced) shows that they were not ruled by Bob, but really by the restrictions they placed on themselves. Bob is only used to embody the fears and restrictions and ignorance that the Pleasantville society possesses. The filmmaker is trying to convey through these situations and allusions that those who resist change are irrational and are ruled by their own ignorance. The classroom scene when the students are learning about the geography of Pleasantville encapsulates the nature of the whole Pleasantville society. The students are used to learning the same thing everyday (since they already know the answers to the questions). The mise en scene of the students’ positions is incongruous. They are high school students but have their backs straight and behaving as if they are in kindergarten. They seem very comfortable, though, but when Jennifer confronts the teacher with the question â€Å"What’s outside of Pleasantville?† they are shocked. A panning shot from the point of view of Jennifer shows the reaction of the class, and the silence adds to the tension. After the teacher assures the students that there is nothing outside of Pleasantville, and that the roads begin where  they end, a sigh of relief ripples uniformly throughout the class. This reaction illustrates how fearful the students are of change and questioning the norm, since it is unknown and unfamiliar. The fact that the students have no appetite for knowledge is related to their inexperience of change. Thus, Ross is effectually demonstrating that change and knowledge go hand in hand. Later, in the Milk Bar, when everyone is questioning David about the fire, the same students show a thirst for knowledge. The way they keep pressing David to tell them about places outside Pleasantville is contrasted to the classroom scene. Again, the technique of silence is employed, but this time in a freer atmosphere with curiosity instead of fear and with non-diegetic music which depicts a ‘cheeky’ mood. It depicts the way David is about to break the rules by allowing people to know information that he thinks they shouldn’t because it will â€Å"throw their whole universe out of whack.† In this way, Ross illustrates to the audience that change is about development rather than the results produced (whether positive or negative). The classroom scene creates an interesting contrast to the classroom scene in ‘the real world’. At school, students are assured their futures are crystal clear: both predictable and wonderful. In the real world, David and Jennifer were being constantly reminded of the negative things in the future by the teachers: â€Å"Employment will go down thirty percent in the next five years†¦Greenhouse emissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This gave a very bleak outlook of the future, and the zooming and simultaneous cutting of shots of different classrooms added to the feeling of impending doom. In Pleasantville however, everyone’s futures are predictably wonderful. The characters, without having developed an understanding of change, are at a loss when they find themselves feeling emotions and thinking for themselves. For instance, when Mr Johnson’s artworks are exposed, people become enraged and frightened and consequently violence occurs. This symbolises how these unchanged and undeveloped people don’t know what to do when circumstances change. Ross is trying to show the audience that it is important to develop and understand change, because it will help in the handling of future problems. The rain scene is the scene where, after the emergence of the storm, it suddenly starts raining and very important events are taking place. One of these events involve the time when David and Margaret are kissing at Lover’s Lane. When rain suddenly starts pouring, David placates everyone’s fears by going out into the rain and holds his arms up to the sky, as if embracing the weather. The scene is a cinematic homage to the film Shawshank Redemption, depicting the part after Andy Dufresne has escaped from the prison and is now a free man. It is definitely a turning point in the film Pleasantville and is seen as a revelation. The allusion is symbolic because, just like Andy Dufresne, the kids at Lover’s Lane have escaped the grey walls that once held their thoughts and are now free to think and feel emotions. The next morning they all wake up coloured (except for David). Ross here is suggesting that change sets people free, and resistance to change is resistance to thought and passion. This assertion is further developed near the end of the movie in the courtroom scene. Gary Ross assumes the voice of David to speak to the audience. Here, the technique of monologue/speech is cleverly used: â€Å"It’s all inside you†¦And you can’t stop something that’s inside of you!† Ross is saying that these people restricted themselves from thinking and feeling emotions but they have always had the potential to be different, feel passionately and think independently. He directly states that change comes from within; Jennifer and David were merely triggering the changes to happen. Ross also implies that change is different for everyone. The aftermath of the storm shows David is still in monochrome. The shot of his reflection in the lake up to him contrasts to the coloured environment. The reflection is symbolic in that it shows David’s silent desperation while searching deep within himself to find a change. Jennifer experiences a similar problem. The dialogue between her and David is important. â€Å"I’ve had like ten times as much sex as these girls and I’m still [in black and white].† David’s reply is that maybe it is not about sex. The audience later finds that Jennifer finally changes colour when she starts reading books and puts on her glasses. The symbolism of the glasses is that her perception of the world changes and hence she changes. A panning shot around her room shows the new  colour, and finally a photograph of her alter ego, Mary-Sue, is in colour, meaning she has changed. David’s physical and individual transformation is completed when he finally starts standing up for what’s right and takes actions against what’s wrong. When he punched Whitey, he took action to fight for Betty, and the audience witnessed the first drop of blood in the whole film, showing David’s furious passion. Soft music depicting a ‘revelation’ accompanies this shot, demonstrating that he has found what he was seeking: change in himself. The over-the-shoulder shot of his back and the mirror is reminiscent of the lake scene and symbolic: not only has he found himself; but he has left his other self behind him. Ross here asserts that people change for different reasons and that change inevitably affects everyone so they can have a better understanding of themselves and the world around them. In conclusion, the filmmaker Gary Ross conveys his attitude towards change through David and Jennifer and the effect of their presence on the town. He stresses that change is essential to understanding the world, but most of all, understanding and accepting ourselves. Ross uses various allusions to show the control the citizens of Pleasantville were once under, and then to show that they have broken free, and that in the end, everyone is inevitably affected by change. He employs satire to compel the audience to have a negative view of those who are resistant to change, and to take a liking to the characters who embrace change. Ross asserts that everyone must change in order to live their lives to the fullest extent. â€Å"Pleasantville† (1998) directed by Gary Ross

Charles Ives Essays - Guggenheim Fellows, Charles Ives, Free Essays

Charles Ives Essays - Guggenheim Fellows, Charles Ives, Free Essays Charles Ives Born in Danbury, Connecticut on October 20, 1874, Charles Ives pursued what is perhaps one of the most extraordinary and paradoxical careers in American music history. Businessman by day and composer by night, Ives's vast output has gradually brought him recognition as the most original and significant American composer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, Ives sought a highly personalized musical expression through the most innovative and radical technical means possible. A fascination with bi-tonal forms, polyrhythms, and quotation was nurtured by his father who Ives would later acknowledge as the primary creative influence on his musical style. Ironically, much of Ives's work would not be heard until his virtual retirement from music and business in 1930 due to severe health problems. The conductor Nicolas Slonimsky, music critic Henry Bellamann, pianist John Kirkpatrick, and the composer Lou Harrison (who conducted the premiere of the Symphony No. 3) played a key role in introducing Ives's music to a wider audience. Henry Cowell was perhaps the most significant figure in fostering public and critical attention for Ives's music, publishing several of the composer's works in his New Music Quarterly. The American composer Charles Ives learned a great deal from his bandmaster father, George Ives, and a love of the music of Bach. At the same time he was exposed to a variety of very American musical influences, later reflected in his own idiosyncratic compositions. Ives was educated at Yale and made a career in insurance, reserving his activities as a composer for his leisure hours. Ironically, by the time that his music had begun to arouse interest, his own inspiration and energy as a composer had waned, so that for the last thirty years of his life he wrote little, while his reputation grew. The symphonies of Ives include music essentially American in inspiration and adventurous in structure and texture, collages of America, expressed in a musical idiom that makes use of complex polytonality (the use of more than one key or tonality at the same time) and rhythm. Symphony No. 3, reflects much of Ives's own background, carrying the explanatory title Camp Meeting and movement titles Old Folks Gatherin', Children's Day and Communion. Symphony No. 4 includes a number of hymns and Gospel songs, and his so-called First Orchestral Set, otherwise known as New England Symphony, depicts three places in New England. Much of the earlier organ music written by Ives from the time of his student years, when he served as organist in a number of churches, found its way into later compositions. The second of his two piano sonatas, Concord, Mass. 1840 - 60, has the characteristic movement titles Emerson, Hawthorne, The Alcotts and Thoreau, a very American literary celebration. The first of the two string quartets of Ives has the characteristic title From the Salvation Army and is based on earlier organ compositions, while the fourth of his four violin sonatas depicts Children's Day at the Camp Meeting. Ives wrote a number of psalm settings, part-songs and verse settings for unison voices and orchestra. In his many solo songs he set verses ranging from Shakespeare, Goethe and Heine to Whitman and Kipling, with a number of texts of his own creation. Relatively well known songs by Ives include Shall We Gather at the River, The Cage and The Side-Show. In 1947, Ives was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No. 3, according him a much deserved international renown. Soon after, his works were taken up and championed by such leading conductors as Leonard Bernstein. At his death in 1954, he had witnessed a rise from obscurity to a position of unsurpassed eminence among the world's leading performers and musical institutions. Bibliography Swaffork, Jan. The Vintage Guide to Classical Music. Charles Ives New York: Random House Inc. 1992.

Seedfolks Reflection Essay Example

Seedfolks Reflection Essay Example Seedfolks Reflection Paper Seedfolks Reflection Paper ENG 1301-50047 30 October 2011 Reflection ESSAY Young and dumb â€Å"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle. † ? Albert Einstein; a quote that really hit home when thinking back on â€Å"Maricela† a story from the novel Seedfolks by Paul Fleishman. Maricela’s outlook on life went from being negative to positive, although it took time for her to realize the bigger picture her tone took a drastic turn from being suicidal and irrational to honored, during her pregnancy. In the beginning of Maricela’s story she is very selfish and regretful for being only six-teen years old and pregnant, she is worried she will no longer live a normal teenage life which consist of dating and going to parties. Later in her story she comes to her sense’s and starts to realize the bigger picture, after meeting an instructor from a teenage pregnancy program her high school offers ,that helps her become optimistic and understand the true meaning of having a baby. The story of Maricela is of a girl who is going through a difficult time in her life as a teenager, not only is she a pregnant six-teen year old girl which is looked down upon by many but she Is also Mexican. In Maricelas eyes being Mexican is a hard thing to be proud of in her neighborhood, as stated in the text â€Å"I’m a Mexican, pregnant sixteen-year-old. So shoot me and get it over with. I wouldn’t actually care if you did. In a way I’m already dead† (pg. 67). Such harsh words to come from a mother to be, the baby is nothing but a burden to her, it’s almost as if she feels the baby is taking her life away as if she is â€Å"dead already†. Maricela is regretful and pessimistic because she can no longer live the life she lived before the baby was a reality, she narrates, â€Å"I used to be really, really hot. Because of the baby I’m as fat as a wrestler, I dropped out, I’ve been to exactly zero parties, and I’ve been asked out exactly zero times†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 67). Obviously through her text she states that dating boys and going to parties is her priority, not focusing on the fact she is pregnant. Later, Maricela joins a pregnancy program her high school offers that helps teenage girls understand and helps them with they’re day to day needs, like rides to the doctor and help with GED assistance. For example, she states, â€Å"Three of us from high school got into a program for pregnant teens. They give you rides to the doctor and help with getting your G. E. D. at home† (pg. 67). During the time she’s attending the assistance program, she starts to deal with the fact that she is pregnant, although she is not yet accepting she is taking the proper steps with seeking the assistance. While attending the program, Penny the instructor had come across the community garden. With the garden Penny had the idea to get the three pregnant teenagers involved to help them better understand life. As said, â€Å"Except that Penny, the woman we see, saw the community garden and got the program its own spot, to give us practice taking care of something and to let us witness â€Å"the miracle of life. †Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 67 -68) Although Maricela didn’t understand or appreciate the garden she still happen to meet a African -American lady by the name of Leona, a lady in which Maricela found comfort in. Maricela was able to talk to Leona because she understood that Maricela did not want to be pregnant. For example, she narrates, â€Å"She knew I didn’t want to be pregnant. I could talk to her about it. †(pg. 71) Finally, in the end Maricela had grown to understand the true meaning of life and being pregnant is bigger than her life its self, bigger than dating and partying. Therefore her outlook on life had made a complete turnaround, from regretful and negative to being honored and positive. She was now finally proud to be mothering a new life to this world, and realizes life never stops, it’s an ongoing cycle. As said in the text,†An old man near us was slowly picking cucumbers, like nothing had happned. † Whole city shuts down, but the garden just keeps going. † Leona said. †(pg. 72) In Paul Fleischman’s novel Seedfolks, a story of a teenage girl by the name of Maricela, overcomes adversity and changes her thought process from negative to positive. She relizes she is apart of a bigger meaning, she is apart of the cycle of life.

Presentation of a Cultural Attraction Assignment

Presentation of a Cultural Attraction - Assignment Example In this assignment, the focus is on New Brunswick region of Canada, which provides a great exposure to tourists looking for experience in cultural tourism. New Brunswick of Canada is one of the three Maritime Provinces of the country (www.officialtourism.ca, 2009). The region has a high mixture of history and cultural diversity, which began around 3000 years ago, when the ancestors of the Aboriginal community came and settled in the region. Over the years, the traditions of English, Irish and Scottish also became quite prevalent when the natives of these regions also started to settle in the region (www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca-1, 2014). For tourists looking forward to having cultural experiences, the region offers multiple attractions like Kings Landing Historical Settlement, Village Historique Acadien, Monument-Lefebvre National Historic Site, Metepenagiag Hertiage Park, The Chocolate Museum, New Brunswick Museum and many others. However, among all the attractions, that is open for the tourists, the New Brunswick Museum stands out very prominently. Talking in details, it can be said that the New Brunswick Museum exposes the tourists to the rich cultural history as well as the natural diversity of the region (New Brunswick Museum, 2014). The visitors of the museum get the glimpse of the past history of the region along with the highly interesting marine life of the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Saint Lawrence (www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca-2, 2014). Both the tourist attractions are open to the tourists on a regular basis all around the year. A detailed analysis of the purpose of visits made by various visitors to New Brunswick revealed a very interesting picture. As per Statistics Canada’s travel based surveys, the primary reason for visit to New Brunswick is for visiting friends and relatively. This comprised around 49% of the visitors. 35% of the visitors cited the main reason for their visit to New Brunswick as vacation. In regards to the number of

Choose a Print Advertisement of your choice and write a three-part Essay

Choose a Print Advertisement of your choice and write a three-part analysis of its message and how it attempts to persuade - Essay Example (Ten Arguments in favor of Baygon, n.d) Now, the branding and advertising department of Baygon needed to push the envelope in creating an ad that would exaggerate its effectiveness and strength with a new age, hip and comic way to appeal to the customers. At the same time, there had to be an element the product could relate to. They couldn’t show Baygon taking out a dinosaur or a crocodile, the product is made for insects and such a concept would be wrong and disturbing at the same time. It could cause negative effects. Since the world is moving towards a more superhero trend with movie remakes and the new found craze, Spiderman is one of the most popular of all time movies with an enormous fan base (Spider-Man Official Site, n.d). Now an ad needed to be created that would not be offensive and would be funny and persuasive. Baygon decided to make Spiderman its victim, a superhero that was a result of a mutant super spider bite and had amplified super spider like abilities that even the toughest villains couldn’t combat against. It may seem that Baygon would favor the bad guys but the ad creates a funny feel. The advertisement image they decided upon was Spiderman knocked out, lying unconscious and displaying a Baygon spray can at the lower right corner. Pretty simple but the message is hilarious, appealing and strong. As mentioned earlier, customers buying insecticide sprays needed to be persuaded with the spray’s effectiveness. The ad does that in a superb and comic way. The advertisement is bound to make anyone laugh out at first sight. No doubt it is unrealistic but the approach is very effective. Of course the customer knows the spray could never take out Spiderman, and that Spiderman doesn’t really exist, but that’s a different story. The idea of an insecticide sends an important message the same way Popeye the sailor did with spinach. Eating a single can would